pvr demand stretch :: essays research papers

Different Strategies Used By PVR For Stretching Supply To Meet The Demand This Strategy includes modifying and adjusting the association ability to satisfy the need for example at the point when interest for administrations is at its pinnacle, limit is extended and when the interest is low, limit is diminished to ration the association assets. The essential administrations assets that can be extended and contracted incidentally to satisfy the need are examined beneath: 1)â â â â â Time 2)â â â â â work 3)â â â â â Facilities 4)â â â â â Equipments 1) Time: PVR acquired the idea of flexi-hours and it has dispensed with that old customary show timings of 9-12am,12-3,3-6 and so forth. They accompanied the odd hours show timings like 10:50, 2:20,3:40,7:25 which suits the necessities of various sort of watchers. Like school fortifications can go for 10:50 am appear, school going understudies in the wake of going to their classes can see 2:20 pm appear and on the opposite side corporate officials can go for 7:25 pm appear. 2)â â â â â labor : Labor is one region where an association faces significant requirement when request changes. In the event of appeal period like summer get-aways ,week-closes, PVR increment no. of representatives by recruiting low maintenance workers during top period. They increment the no. of workers at the ticket counter, inside the assembly room, and at the reward counter. They are embracing Cross preparing i.e one worker is prepared in more than one employment, similar to individual sitting at ticket counter additionally carry out the responsibility of usher. 3)Â Â Â Â Â Facilities : in the event of High interest PVR plan it out well ahead of time dependent on experience and increment the number and recurrence of screenings. May be expanding the screening in the following weeks plan. All the more no of amphitheaters are there , wide decision when all the more no of films are discharging around the same time yet this is one time speculation I. pvr request stretch :: expositions research papers Different Strategies Used By PVR For Stretching Supply To Meet The Demand This Strategy includes adjusting and adjusting the association ability to fulfill the need for example at the point when interest for administrations is at its pinnacle, limit is extended and when the interest is low, limit is diminished to moderate the association assets. The essential administrations assets that can be extended and contracted briefly to satisfy the need are talked about underneath: 1)â â â â â Time 2)â â â â â work 3)â â â â â Facilities 4)â â â â â Equipments 1) Time: PVR acquired the idea of flexi-hours and it has dispensed with that old conventional show timings of 9-12am,12-3,3-6 and so forth. They accompanied the odd hours show timings like 10:50, 2:20,3:40,7:25 which suits the prerequisites of various kind of watchers. Like school dugouts can go for 10:50 am appear, school going understudies subsequent to going to their classes can see 2:20 pm appear and on the opposite side corporate officials can go for 7:25 pm appear. 2)â â â â â labor : Labor is one zone where an association faces significant limitation when request changes. If there should be an occurrence of appeal period like summer excursions ,week-closes, PVR increment no. of representatives by recruiting low maintenance workers during top period. They increment the no. of representatives at the ticket counter, inside the amphitheater, and at the reward counter. They are receiving Cross preparing i.e one representative is prepared in more than one occupation, similar to individual sitting at ticket counter likewise carry out the responsibility of usher. 3)Â Â Â Â Â Facilities : if there should be an occurrence of High interest PVR plan it out well ahead of time dependent on experience and increment the number and recurrence of screenings. May be broadening the screening in the following weeks plan. All the more no of amphitheaters are there , wide decision when all the more no of motion pictures are discharging around the same time yet this is one time speculation I.

Emergence of China as a Global Trading Power Essay

Rise of China as a Global Trading Power - Essay Example At the point when the most recent conservative development and advancement of new rising nations is examined, two nations' names rise up out of no place. These are India and China. The development in the exchange segment of these two nations is shockingly huge. On the off chance that this is somewhat because of improvement in the region of science and innovation, there is much likewise that goes for various changes, changes, and redefinition of exchange approaches and universal exchange relations. Also, there is much on the credit of Chinese unmistakable social and the executives rehearses which makes this nation a one of a kind contextual analysis (Menkhoff and Gerke, pp. 87-89, 2002). The current paper takes a gander at the issue of the advancement of China in the business universe of the ongoing occasions; China is liable to request a solid voice in the WTO because of its significant job in present day exchange tasks (Kennedy, p. 75, 2002). The paper, consequently, embraces broad research to examine the reasons for the advancement of China in exchange systems. The paper unequivocally presents the quantity of speculations of exchange which have at any rate any connect to the current development of China in overall exchange. Toward the finish of the paper, the examination investigations the information subjectively and makes proposals and suggestion in the light of the reasons for exchange development of China. These proposals and suggestions are intended to add to the current writing of exchange speculations and improvement; just as, they center to add to a more extensive comprehension of Chinese development. They are additionally intended to center those nations which may need to follow China for the affordable development. Exchange Theories Reviewed Various scholars have worked out various hypotheses of exchange to adapt up to the difficulties of exchange. These scholars have posed such inquiries as can help exchange to be increasingly productive, more sped up, progressively ground-breaking, etc. This segment audits significant exchange hypotheses request to hold up under a foundation which is, as indicated by the perspective of the current author, important to grasp China's development in the ongoing situation of exchange. Old style market analyst appear to have protected the Mercantilists' view that the fare of a nation ought to be put to however much increment as could reasonably be expected; then again, the imports of that nation ought to be put to however much diminish as could be expected. As indicated by Grimwade (2000), it was clearly conceivable just for one nation since one nation's fare surplus is another nation's import shortage which makes import and fare both an imperative capacity of over fringe exchange (p. 30). Another complaint was made to Mercantilism was that dumping huge stores of gold doesn't make a nation wealthier in light of the fact that gold doesn't give the residents to products which could fulfill their needs (p. 30). Subsequently, this pattern met a demise because of its lose-lose reasoning of exchange. Next is the similar bit of leeway. As per this hypothesis (by Smith), contrasts in costs as the bases for business are recognized. To this Grimwade

CPW Friday liveblog

CPW Friday liveblog My approximate CPW schedule Thursday liveblog 8:55am: I arrive on campus to discover theres been a hack in Lobby 10! The hack is two giant paper airplanes made from Athena header pages [another use for header pages]. 9:15am: I arrive at the Presidents Welcome just in time to see Marilee introduce President Susan Hockfield. 9:19am: Susan Hockfield: Living and learning at MIT is not a spectator sport. 9:24am: President Hockfield is fielding audience questions. Question from prefrosh Sam M.: Whats your favorite part of your job? President Hockfield: You. The students. They talk back and forth about Sams dream of becoming an astronaut and surgeon. 9:28am: A parents question: How important is it to choose a major by the freshman year, and what support do you give to help make that choice? President Hockfield: There is a huge amount of choice at MIT, and the hardest thing is which of them to explore. [] We do things in the freshman year to make it easier to make the choice of major. It is diffucult to choose, but almost all of our students choose a major and find sufficient room to explore other things. 9:33am: Marilee is introducing the keynote speaker, Prof. Catherine Drennan. 9:35am: Prof. Drennan is talking, giving her talk, From Molecules To Medicine. 9:38am: She asks who in the room has done an acid-base titration as research in high school. Almost everyone in the room, 1000+ students and parents, raise their hands. Wow. Prof. Drennan: You will never do an acid-base titration at MIT. Goes on to give examples on MIT chemistry research. Prof. Tim Jamisons lab can make the molecule Amphidinolide, a natural product with anti-tumor properties. Prof. Alan Davisons lab designed Cardiolite, which is used in heart imaging. Prof. Tim Swagers lab designed senors that detect vapors of common bomb-making chemicals such as TNT. [this is really cool research!] This is currently being used in Iraq. 9:55am: Prof. Drennan has been talking about the research undergraduate UROPs do in her lab. Her students get so excited they sometimes forget to eat! 10:05am: Prof. Drennan tells an amazing story of her first UROP student. She gave this student, a freshman, a problem that other labs had been trying to solve for decades and had deemed impossible. This student, though, was fearless and did it! Her colleagues were incredulous. How did you do this? Weve been trying for years! Well, you didnt have an MIT freshman in your lab!' This student was Gitrada Arjara 02. UROPs in the lab have continued to do great things. 10:38am: After grabbing a delicious breakfast burrito at Annas Taqueria, I head on over to the UROP panel. There are probably 200 people in attendance at this panel. 10:49am: One student panelist, Robyn 07: Our small goal is to fix global warming. Once we do that, well move on to our next goal. Read more about their small goal at the Vehicle Design Summit. 11:00am: More from the UROP panel Mark 07: I came into MIT as a professional triathlete I said, I dont know if MIT has a wind tunnel, but if they do, I want to put bikes in there. We look at athlete aerodynamics. Instead of athletes using drugs to win races, they can use technology. Well, I guess thats just a different type of technology. I have a few product designs on the market now. Ill have my first bike in the Tour de France this year. Read more in this old blog post. 11:25am: Mark 07 is leading an ad hoc tour of the Wind Tunnel, but I cant go because I need to run the Gap Year panel. So, Im heading across campus to do just that. 2:03pm: Im back at Registration now, having finished with the Gap Year Panel. The Panel went even better than I had hoped! The room was full, and our panelists did an excellent job talking about the pluses and minuses of taking a year away between high school and MIT. Im hopeful that after this successful panel, even more people will strongly considering taking a gap year. (Ill write another entry or two about this after CPW) 2:35pm: As you may have heard, Caltech students produced a prank issue of MITs student newspaper, The Tech. I just finished chatting with an old friend, who, as it turns out, was responsible for the issue. I was glad that the prank wasnt mean-spirited, and was occasionally funny. 2:52pm: I should also note that the real issue of The Tech is out, and includes a story on CPW. It has some photos, as well. Dean of Admissions Marilee Jones started off the weekend last evening at Rockwell Cage, encouraging students to enjoy the weekend and describing the mission of MIT. Every school has a different mission on Earth, she told the audience. Other schools produce presidents but we solve the problems of the world, Jones said. Jones was interrupted by the MIT Logarhythms, who were hidden amidst a sea of prospective freshmen. After a performance by the Logarhythms, Jones led a round of Happy Birthday for students with birthdays over the weekend and introduced Director of Recruitment Jennifer Rifken, head of this years CPW and part of the Admissions Office. Rifken was excited about the largest CPW ever and encouraged students to enjoy all the activities on campus. Were really excited, Rifken said. After an icebreaker, the prospective freshmen were led to the CPW Festival by the MIT Marching Band. The festival showed off a handful of MITs living groups and student activities, offering performances and games for prospective students. Desiree Amadeo, a prospective freshman from New Hampshire, said she was excited to be at CPW and had already turned in her acceptance to MIT. I might try to battle someone with swords, said Amadeo, referring to a large boffing area set up by Random Hall. Amadeo said she chose MIT because of the impact and the communitys diversity. MITs preview weekend is a lot different than taking tours at other campuses, said Amadeo. This years CPW offers more than 600 events, a substantial increase from last years number, McGann said. [read more] 3:55pm: Im getting ready for the second version of the MIT Abroad panel. Yay! 4:20pm: The Abroad Panel is once again going quite well. Sam once again did a great job talking about MISTI and the MIT-Germany program. 4:25pm: Im learning a lot about the MIT-Madrid study abroad program. 4:30pm: I wish I could stay a little longer, but I need to head to yet another panel, this one about dorm life. (The Abroad Panel is talking about the Cambridge-MIT Exchange right now, and I do know a lot about it) 8:19pm: The Dorm Panel went well. Then, I ran to dinner with some students, and now Im on m way to the Blogger Party =) 1:00am: Blogger party went well. More on that some other time. Afterwards, a bunch of folks from the office went out to relax and unwind a bit. And now, its bedtime. A great CPW Friday.

CPW Friday liveblog

CPW Friday liveblog My approximate CPW schedule Thursday liveblog 8:55am: I arrive on campus to discover theres been a hack in Lobby 10! The hack is two giant paper airplanes made from Athena header pages [another use for header pages]. 9:15am: I arrive at the Presidents Welcome just in time to see Marilee introduce President Susan Hockfield. 9:19am: Susan Hockfield: Living and learning at MIT is not a spectator sport. 9:24am: President Hockfield is fielding audience questions. Question from prefrosh Sam M.: Whats your favorite part of your job? President Hockfield: You. The students. They talk back and forth about Sams dream of becoming an astronaut and surgeon. 9:28am: A parents question: How important is it to choose a major by the freshman year, and what support do you give to help make that choice? President Hockfield: There is a huge amount of choice at MIT, and the hardest thing is which of them to explore. [] We do things in the freshman year to make it easier to make the choice of major. It is diffucult to choose, but almost all of our students choose a major and find sufficient room to explore other things. 9:33am: Marilee is introducing the keynote speaker, Prof. Catherine Drennan. 9:35am: Prof. Drennan is talking, giving her talk, From Molecules To Medicine. 9:38am: She asks who in the room has done an acid-base titration as research in high school. Almost everyone in the room, 1000+ students and parents, raise their hands. Wow. Prof. Drennan: You will never do an acid-base titration at MIT. Goes on to give examples on MIT chemistry research. Prof. Tim Jamisons lab can make the molecule Amphidinolide, a natural product with anti-tumor properties. Prof. Alan Davisons lab designed Cardiolite, which is used in heart imaging. Prof. Tim Swagers lab designed senors that detect vapors of common bomb-making chemicals such as TNT. [this is really cool research!] This is currently being used in Iraq. 9:55am: Prof. Drennan has been talking about the research undergraduate UROPs do in her lab. Her students get so excited they sometimes forget to eat! 10:05am: Prof. Drennan tells an amazing story of her first UROP student. She gave this student, a freshman, a problem that other labs had been trying to solve for decades and had deemed impossible. This student, though, was fearless and did it! Her colleagues were incredulous. How did you do this? Weve been trying for years! Well, you didnt have an MIT freshman in your lab!' This student was Gitrada Arjara 02. UROPs in the lab have continued to do great things. 10:38am: After grabbing a delicious breakfast burrito at Annas Taqueria, I head on over to the UROP panel. There are probably 200 people in attendance at this panel. 10:49am: One student panelist, Robyn 07: Our small goal is to fix global warming. Once we do that, well move on to our next goal. Read more about their small goal at the Vehicle Design Summit. 11:00am: More from the UROP panel Mark 07: I came into MIT as a professional triathlete I said, I dont know if MIT has a wind tunnel, but if they do, I want to put bikes in there. We look at athlete aerodynamics. Instead of athletes using drugs to win races, they can use technology. Well, I guess thats just a different type of technology. I have a few product designs on the market now. Ill have my first bike in the Tour de France this year. Read more in this old blog post. 11:25am: Mark 07 is leading an ad hoc tour of the Wind Tunnel, but I cant go because I need to run the Gap Year panel. So, Im heading across campus to do just that. 2:03pm: Im back at Registration now, having finished with the Gap Year Panel. The Panel went even better than I had hoped! The room was full, and our panelists did an excellent job talking about the pluses and minuses of taking a year away between high school and MIT. Im hopeful that after this successful panel, even more people will strongly considering taking a gap year. (Ill write another entry or two about this after CPW) 2:35pm: As you may have heard, Caltech students produced a prank issue of MITs student newspaper, The Tech. I just finished chatting with an old friend, who, as it turns out, was responsible for the issue. I was glad that the prank wasnt mean-spirited, and was occasionally funny. 2:52pm: I should also note that the real issue of The Tech is out, and includes a story on CPW. It has some photos, as well. Dean of Admissions Marilee Jones started off the weekend last evening at Rockwell Cage, encouraging students to enjoy the weekend and describing the mission of MIT. Every school has a different mission on Earth, she told the audience. Other schools produce presidents but we solve the problems of the world, Jones said. Jones was interrupted by the MIT Logarhythms, who were hidden amidst a sea of prospective freshmen. After a performance by the Logarhythms, Jones led a round of Happy Birthday for students with birthdays over the weekend and introduced Director of Recruitment Jennifer Rifken, head of this years CPW and part of the Admissions Office. Rifken was excited about the largest CPW ever and encouraged students to enjoy all the activities on campus. Were really excited, Rifken said. After an icebreaker, the prospective freshmen were led to the CPW Festival by the MIT Marching Band. The festival showed off a handful of MITs living groups and student activities, offering performances and games for prospective students. Desiree Amadeo, a prospective freshman from New Hampshire, said she was excited to be at CPW and had already turned in her acceptance to MIT. I might try to battle someone with swords, said Amadeo, referring to a large boffing area set up by Random Hall. Amadeo said she chose MIT because of the impact and the communitys diversity. MITs preview weekend is a lot different than taking tours at other campuses, said Amadeo. This years CPW offers more than 600 events, a substantial increase from last years number, McGann said. [read more] 3:55pm: Im getting ready for the second version of the MIT Abroad panel. Yay! 4:20pm: The Abroad Panel is once again going quite well. Sam once again did a great job talking about MISTI and the MIT-Germany program. 4:25pm: Im learning a lot about the MIT-Madrid study abroad program. 4:30pm: I wish I could stay a little longer, but I need to head to yet another panel, this one about dorm life. (The Abroad Panel is talking about the Cambridge-MIT Exchange right now, and I do know a lot about it) 8:19pm: The Dorm Panel went well. Then, I ran to dinner with some students, and now Im on m way to the Blogger Party =) 1:00am: Blogger party went well. More on that some other time. Afterwards, a bunch of folks from the office went out to relax and unwind a bit. And now, its bedtime. A great CPW Friday.

The Current Uk Animal Welfare - 856 Words

The current UK animal welfare legislations and their objectives are:  ¬ Animal Welfare Act 2006 This Act has for the first time introduced legislation for pet owners meaning that the owners have a legal duty of care to meet the five welfare needs of their pets. The welfare needs are also known as the five freedoms and they are the basic needs of any animal. The law also applies to people who are responsible for animals, such as breeders and those who keep working animals. (APGAW. No Date)  ¬ The Performing Animals (Regulations) Act 1925 This Act regulates the training and exhibition of performing animals as it requires trainers and exhibitors of those animals to be registered with the local authority. The premises where animals are being trained and exhibited can be entered by the police and officers of local authority, which may include a vet. If the police or the local authority detects cruelty or neglect of the animals the magistrates’ court can prohibit or restrict the training or exhibition of the animals and suspend or cancel the trainers or exhibitor’s registration. (APGAW. No Date)  ¬ Pet Animals Act 1951 This legislation protects the welfare of animals which are sold as pets. The Act requires anyone keeping a pet shop to be licenced by the local authority. The local authority must check that the animals are kept in a clean and suitable accommodation; are supplied with appropriate food and drink; and are protected from fire and disease before granting a licence. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay On Mice987 Words   |  4 Pagesof which is the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 (ASPS) which protects non-human vertebrates and cephalopods during scientific research. The act states that research should only be conducted on animals if it is necessary and there are no alternatives. 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Types Of Criminal Justice Systems Law Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2169 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Across the world there are many different types of criminal justice system to keep and maintain order and peace within their area of jurisdiction creating a social code of conduct, the law. The criminal justice system tries to deter individuals from disrupting this peace and order by pressuring them with the notion of punishment forcing the individual to abide to the law. These punishments differ from being a punitive one or a rehabilitative nature. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types Of Criminal Justice Systems Law Essay" essay for you Create order By doing so the criminal justice has certain power to control society by means of policing. Policing plays an important role in the criminal justice system as it is the first step to criminal proceedings following investigation, judgment and finally punishment where applicable. The criminal justice system can be categorized in three main parts; policing where the investigation is held, the courts for judgement to take place and corrections where the type of punishment is looked over by the correctional authorities (Bernard, 2011). As mentioned before there are many different types of criminal justice system, the author of this literature will be comparing and contrasting the Japanese criminal justice system with the England and Waless system. England and Wales criminal justice follows an adversarial system where the magistrate or a jury hears two opposing views of a case. The defence and the prosecution parties can present their case as how they deem fit by calling and examining w itnesses as they like within certain restriction provided by the law (Chapman Niven, 2000). Unlike the England and Waless system the Japanese system follows a semi-inquisitorial scheme where a judge is present in the preparation of evidence with the police and has a say in the way different parties are to show their case in trial. The judge asks questions to the witnesses while the defendant and the prosecution parties can enquire additional questions only through the judge (Mortimer, 1994). Furthermore the Japanese system does not use the jury system as the England and Wales do. This system of the Japanese is called the Monopolization of Prosecution and gives exclusive power to public prosecutors only. Nevertheless there is an exception to the Monopolization of Prosecution and is practiced when a victim of crime believes that the public prosecutors are abusing of their exclusive power. He or she can apply to the court to order the case to be tried. If the order is well-founded then the court must order the case to be tried and a practicing lawyer is selected by the court to exercise the role of the public prosecutor, however if otherwise the order is dismissed (UNAFEI, 2010). A common characteristic in both the Japanese and the England and Wales system is the presumption of innocence until proven guilty and that the standard proof must be beyond the reasonable doubt. This presumption of innocence applies at every stage of the criminal procedure and in case of doubt the defendants view will always be favoured. (Chapman Niven, 2000; UNAFEI, 2010). Throughout all Japan there is one territorial jurisdiction; the same procedure is followed in all criminal cases under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP) and the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The constitution protects most of the rights of the individual regarding court trial and criminal investigation under several articles. A few article are listed below Article 31: no person shall be deprived of life, o r liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law, Article 33: no person shall be arrested except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer, which specifies the offences with which the person is charged, unless he is arrested in the commission of the offences. Article 38: no person shall be compelled to testify against himself, and that a confession made under compulsion, torture, or threat, or after prolonged detention or confinement shall not be admitted in evidence. It further provides that no person shall be convicted or punished in cases where the only proof against him is his own confession. Article 40:any person, in case he is acquitted after he has been detained or confined, may sue the State for redress as provided by law. (UNAFEI, 2010, p. 20) Similarly with the England and Wales criminal system the individual has many different rights under the The Human Rights Act 1998. In the same way as Ar ticle 40 in the Japanese constitution the individual can sue the State to the European Court. A few articles from this Act is as follows Article 2 Right to life Article 3 Prohibition of torture Article 6 Right to a fair trial Article 7 No punishment without law this article states that no person can be punished for an action which did not constitute a criminal offence at the time it was committed. Article 18 Limitation on use of restrictions on rights this article ensures that the restrictions on rights in the convention are not used for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed. (Chapman Niven, 2000, p. 5-6) The Police In Japan a police Law was put into force in 1947, completely amended in 1954 in order to offer an efficient and effective police organization showing considerable respect to the principle of local autonomy. The police are trained in order to safe guard the national public in matters relating to serious natural catastrophe creating public disorder and matters relating to civil disturbances. The police in Japan are called Prefectural Police. For some reason or another, as according to the Cabinet Order, in Japan there can only be 278,300 prefectural police. It is estimated that in Japan 1st October 2003, the population was of 127,619,000 meaning that there is one police officer for every 460 persons in the country. The Police law stipulates the duties of the police as protection of life, person and property of individuals; prevention, suppression and detection of crime and apprehension of suspects; control of traffic; and other functions necessary to maintain public peace and order ( UNAFEI, 2010, p. 2). According to the police law crime detection is one of the main duties of the all the police officers including patrolmen in all police jurisdiction. (UNAFEI, 2010) In England and Wales the police have more or less the same role as the Prefectural Police. However for England and Wales, before the Police Act of 1964, the idea of the police was regarded as police force to enforce the law. Within time difficulties and concerns were experienced with the public and these experiences changed the mentality of a police force to police service. A difference from the Prefectural Police is that in England and Wales, the police have different number of forces. These forces have specific territorial powers such as the British Transport police, the Ministry of Defence Police and Royal Parks Police (Chapman Niven, 2000). In Japan there is only one force that controls different territories. The Courts In Japan there are five types of courts in Japan and are all integrated into a unitary national judicial system. These courts are; the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, Family Court and Summary Court. The Summary Court; where all cases are heard by a single judge. This courts jurisdiction is very limited to small offences, offences not more than  ¥1,400,000 (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬12,496.65), punishable by a fine or a lighter punishment for example penal detention or a minor fine, and other minor criminal offences. A few examples of minor criminal offences include habitual gambling, embezzlement, petty theft and buying or accepting stolen property. The Summary may not give a prison sentence or a graver punishment however can impose imprisonment with labour not exceeding three years. When a case has an outcome of imprisonment of more than three years, the Summary Court can transfer it to the District Court. (UNAFEI, 2010) The Family Court; has jurisdic tion over family issues and juvenile delinquency involving persons under the age of 20. In addition this court hears adult criminal cases that involve offences harmful to juveniles. (UNAFEI, 2010) The District Court; hears all cases at the first glance except those set aside for the Summary court, Family Court and the High Court. Most of the time cases are tried by a single judge. Nevertheless if there is the possibility of sentencing a life imprisonment, imprisonment for more than one year or death, three judges hear the case. (UNAFEI, 2010) The High Court; has jurisdiction appeals from decisions made by the District Court, Family Court and the Summary court in criminal cases heard by three judges. The high court even hears cases involving insurrection where 5 judges handle the case. (UNAFEI, 2010) The Supreme Court; situated in Tokyo, is the highest court and consists of 15 Justices including the Chief Justice, nine of them qualified to be a Japanese legal practitioner an d five of those who has extensive knowledge of the law and is at least 40 years of age. This court exercises appellate jurisdiction. Articles 81 of the Constitution state that this court is the court of last resort and is to decide on the constitutionality of any law, regulation, order or official act. The Supreme Court implements this power by rendering case-specific conclusions not by declaring constitutionality in a general way. It generally hears appeals that were tried at a high court if and only if (1) a violation of the Constitution or an error in constitutional error, or (2) adjudication contrary to precedents of Supreme Court or High Courts (UNAFEI, 2010) In England and Wales the Courts there are five courts too, the lowest court is the Magistrates Courts where over 96% of criminal cases are dealt with this court. The Magistrates Court is tried by at least two lay magistrate but normally three magistrates hears the trial. A district judge can hear a case on his or her ow n. The magistrate court acts as the Summary Court, The Family Court and the District Court of Japan but can only impose a prison sentence of less than six months or 12months for consecutive sentences, nor can exceed a fine of  £5000 (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬5,926.98). (Chapman Niven, 2000) Three other courts which are under the Supreme Court are the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Crown Court. The Crown court hears trials of indictable offences and appeals from the court of Magistrates. Appeals from cases originating in the magistrates courts on points of law and proceedings are heard at the High Court. Appeals arising from the Crown court and the High Courts are heard at the Court of Appeal where the final Appeal is heard at the House of Lords. The House of Lords is made up of Lords of Appeal chosen amongst the judges of the Court of Appeal. The High court in Japan is equivalent to the Supreme Courts in England and Wales whereas the House of Lords is similar t o the Supreme Court of Japan. (UNAFEI, 2010; Chapman Niven, 2000) Corrections After a verdict is given and the individual is found guilty, apart from imprisonment there are many other sanctions that both the Japanese and the England and Waless system. Both countries have Probation Officers, Halfway Houses, Parole, Fines and Suspended sentences. The Japanese constitution puts a good effort in Probation and Parole where the offender is put within society supervised. Many citizens volunteer as an assistant probationer or parole. Furthermore in Japan Juveniles are given more attention in order for them to rehabilitate; Living Guidance, Academic Education, Physical and Health Education is provided. The prisons in Japan never suffered overcrowding as the rehabilitation of the offender was more important than retaliation. In England and Wales, effort is put more in community sentences, resulting in less concentration with probation and parole. Community service, Combination, curfew and drug treatment and testing orders are all an option. Community service is whe n a prisoner does unpaid work for the community with a minimum if 40hours and a maximum of 240hours in twelve months. The Combination order works hand in hand with a probationer where community service is given with the other rules of the probationer. Curfew order controls the persons liberty of a person to leave an address at certain hours. These different option were put into force as a solution to overcrowding in the prison system where again the mentality has changed throughout the years. A difference in sentencing between the Japanese and Englands system is the capital punishment. In England and Wales the capital punishment for murder was abolished in 1965. However it was kept but unused for crimes such as treason and other offences. In September 1998 capital punishment was completely abolished under the Crime and Disorder Act. In Japan the capital punishment is still practiced for homicide and treason. However the homicide must include aggravating factors and/or multiple mu rders. Conclusion Even though the English system has been practised before the Japanese system, there is not much of a distinction between the two as one would perceive it to be due to cultural difference. Most of the rights of the individual are protected in both countries; however power is not always exclusive within public prosecutors. So much so, even though power is mainly in the hands of the Japanese public prosecutors, the citizen still has right to go against such mentioned power.

Microeconomics Supply and Demand and Price - 5551 Words

CHAPTER 1: Resource Utilization amp; Economics Part I: Identification Directions: Fill in the blanks. ____________________ 1. Refers to the scarce resources in demand. ____________________ 2. Considered the father of economics. ____________________ 3. The Greek word for economics. ____________________ 4. Developed the theory of political economy. ____________________ 5. Considered as the bible of economics. ____________________ 6. Developed the concept of IS-LM model. ____________________ 7. Refers to economics â€Å"as it is†. ____________________ 8. Science that manages limited resources in demand. ____________________ 9. Developed the theory of money, employment and interest. ____________________ 10. Refers to economics â€Å"as it should be†.†¦show more content†¦Part III: Definition of Terms. 1. Economics – the efficient allocation of the scarce means of production toward the satisfaction of human needs and wants. 2. Microeconomics – the branch of economics, which deals with the individual decisions of units of the economy – firms and households, and how their choice determine relative prices of goods and factors or production. 3. Macroeconomics – the branch of economics that studies the relationship among broad economic aggregates like national income, national output, money supply, bank deposits, total volumes of savings, investment, consumption expenditure, general price level of commodities, government spending, inflation, recession, employment, and money supply. 4. Capitalism – economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods and services for profit. 5. Communism – a revolutionary socialist movement to create classless, money less, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production as well as social, political and economics ideology. 6. 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